What is amino acids ?

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and play a vital role in many biological processes in the human body. They are organic compounds made up of a carboxyl group (-COOH), an amino group (-NH2), and a side chain that varies between different types of amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acids that are commonly found in proteins, and each has its own unique chemical properties and functions.

Essential Amino Acids

Essential amino acids are those that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from dietary sources. There are nine essential amino acids :- histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. These amino acids are crucial for the synthesis of proteins, and a deficiency in any of them can lead to various health problems.

Non-Essential Amino Acids

Non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body from other amino acids or from various metabolic pathways. There are 11 non-essential amino acids :- alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine.

Functions of Amino Acids

Amino acids are essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues in the body. They also play a crucial role in the formation of enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters. Each amino acid has a unique function in the body, and a deficiency or excess of any of these amino acids can lead to various health problems.

For example, tryptophan is essential for the synthesis of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. A deficiency in tryptophan can lead to depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Similarly, cysteine is necessary for the synthesis of glutathione, a potent antioxidant that helps to protect the body against oxidative stress.

Sources of Amino Acids

Amino acids can be obtained from both animal and plant sources. Animal sources include meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products, while plant sources include beans, lentils, nuts, and seeds.

In addition, supplements containing individual amino acids or a combination of amino acids are also available. These supplements are often used by athletes to enhance muscle growth and improve performance.