Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, is one of the essential water-soluble vitamins that belong to the B-complex group. It plays a crucial role in various physiological processes in the body and is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The name "pantothenic acid" is derived from the Greek word "pantos," which means "everywhere," as this vitamin is found in a wide variety of foods.
Function
Energy production :- Vitamin B5 is a vital component of coenzyme A (CoA), which is involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to produce energy for the body.
Synthesis of essential molecules :- CoA, derived from pantothenic acid, is necessary for the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, steroid hormones, and neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine.
Skin health :- Vitamin B5 is known for its beneficial effects on the skin. It is often found in skincare products and may help improve skin hydration, reduce redness, and promote skin barrier function.
Nervous system support :- As a precursor to acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter, vitamin B5 may have a role in supporting nerve function and cognitive health.
Red blood cell formation :- Vitamin B5 is involved in the formation of hemoglobin, which is crucial for the transport of oxygen in red blood cells.
Sources
Vitamin B5 is found in a wide range of foods, so deficiencies are relatively rare. Some good dietary sources include :-
• Meat (such as beef, chicken, and turkey)
• Fish (such as salmon and tuna)
• Whole grains (such as brown rice and oats)
• Legumes (such as lentils and chickpeas)
• Dairy products (such as milk and yogurt)
• Eggs
• Avocado
• Broccoli
Deficiency
Vitamin B5 deficiency, also known as pantothenic acid deficiency, is relatively rare due to the widespread presence of this vitamin in various foods. However, certain conditions or factors can lead to inadequate intake or absorption of vitamin B5, resulting in a deficiency. Some of the common causes of vitamin B5 deficiency include :-
1) Poor diet :- A diet lacking in a variety of foods that contain vitamin B5 can lead to deficiency. This is more likely to occur in individuals who have limited access to a balanced diet.
2) Alcoholism :- Excessive alcohol consumption can interfere with the absorption and utilization of vitamin B5 and other B-vitamins, leading to deficiencies.
3) Malabsorption disorders :- Conditions that affect the absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract, such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or certain surgeries, can reduce the absorption of vitamin B5.
4) Prolonged use of certain medications :- Some medications, like certain antibiotics and anti-seizure drugs, can interfere with the absorption or utilization of vitamin B5.
5) Metabolic disorders :- Rare genetic disorders affecting the metabolism of pantothenic acid can also lead to deficiency.
Symptoms
• Fatigue and weakness
• Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet
• Headache
• Sleep disturbances
• Abdominal pain and digestive issues
• Irritability and mood changes
• Muscle cramps or muscle pain
• Skin problems, such as dryness and irritation
Severe deficiencies are relatively uncommon, and most people with a balanced diet do not experience vitamin B5 deficiency. However, if left untreated, a severe deficiency could lead to more serious health problems over time.
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